Abu Al-Hassan Al-Mawardi(972-1058 C.E.)
Abu al-Hasan Ali Ibn Muhammad Ibn Habib al-Mawardi was born
at Basrah in 972 C.E. He was educated at first in Basrah where, after
completion of his basic education, he learned Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) from
the jurist Abu al-Wahid al-Simari. He then went to Baghdad for advanced studies
under Sheikh Abd al-Hamid and Abdallah al-Baqi.
His proficiency in jurisprudence Ethics, Political science
and literature proved useful in securing a respectable career for him.
After his initial appointment as Qadi (Judge), he was
gradually promoted to higher offices, till he became the Chief Justice at
Baghdad. The Abbasid Caliph al-Qaim bi Amr Allah appointed
him as his roving ambassador and sent him to a number of
countries as the head of special missions. In this capacity he played a key
role in establishing harmonious relations between the declining Abbasid
Caliphate and the rising powers of Buwahids and Seljukes. He was favoured with
rich gifts and tributes by most Sultans of the time. He was still in Baghdad
when it was taken over by Buwahids. Al-Mawardi died in 1058 C.E.
Al-Mawardi was a great jurist, mohaddith, sociologist and an
expert in Political Science. He was a jurist in the school of Fiqh and his book
Al-Hawion the principles of jurisprudence is held in high repute. His
contribution in political science and sociology comprises a number of monumental
books, the most famous of which are Kitab al-Ahkam al-Sultania, Qanun al-Wazarah,andKitab
Nasihat alMulk.
The books discuss the principles of political science, with special
reference to the functions and duties of the caliphs, the chief minister, other
ministers, relationships between various elements of public and govemment and
measures to strengthen the government and ensure victory in war.
Two of these books, al-Ahkam al-Sultania and Qanun
alWazarahhave been published and also translated into various languages. He is
considered as being the author/supporter of the
'Doctrine of Necessity'in political science. He was thus in
favour of a strong caliphate and discouraged unlimited powers delegated to the
Governors, which tended to create chaos. On the other hand, he has laid down
clear principles for election of the caliph and qualities of the voters, chief
among which are attainment of a degree of intellectual level and purity of
character.
In ethics, he wrote Kitab Aadab al-Dunya wa al-Din, which became
a widely popular book on the subject and is still read in some Islamic
countries.
Al-Mawardi has been considered as one of the most famous thinkers
in political science in the middle ages. His original work influenced the
development of this science, together with the science of sociology, which was
further developed later on by Ibn Khaldun.
Al-Ahkam as-Sultaniyyah | The Laws of Islamic Governance
In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful
Al-Ahkam as-Sultaniyyah written in the fith Century Hijri is perhaps the single most comprehensive account of the workings of Islamic governance and equally a highly influential theoretical outline of the nature of that governance. Woven throughout it are accounts of the first community of Islam and the judgements of the early scholars of the salaf which are the book's lifeblood and its light.
Covering all the various aspects of the deen of Islam which are the concern and responsibility of the Khalifah, his amirs, his wazirs (ministers) and deputies. The rights and duties of these persons are expounded in detail.
The Author: Abu al-Hasan Ali Ibn Muhammad Ibn Habib al-Mawardi was born at Basrah. He learned Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) from the jurist Abu al-Wahid al-Simari. He then went to Baghdad for advanced studies under Sheikh Abd al-Hamid and Abdallah al-Baqi. His proficiency in jurisprudence Ethics, Political science and literature proved useful in securing a respectable career for him. After his initial appointment as Qadi (Judge), he was gradually promoted to higher offices, till he became the Chief Justice at Baghdad. The Abbasid Caliph al-Qaim bi Amr Allah appointed him as his roving ambassador and sent him to a number of countries as the head of special missions. In this capacity he played a key role in establishing harmonious relations between the declining Abbasid Caliphate and the rising powers of Buwahids and Seljukes. He was favoured with rich gifts and tributes by most Sultans of the time. He was still in Baghdad when it was taken over by Buwahids. Al-Mawardi died in 450 AH (1058 AD)
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